Hope in End Stage Renal Disease: Concept Analysis

Abstract

Background: Poor prognosis and lifelong treatment of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is considered a life threatening and frustated life event. Hope is an essential and important component in nursing, especially in ESRD patients which has not been satisfactory explored. Objective: The purpose of this article is to (1) elucidate the concept of hope and operational definitions that are used to define and measure hope among ERSD patients, (2) identify critical attributes of hope in ESRD patients by ilustrated case. Method: 10 research papers have been reviewed conducted using PUBMED and Google Schoolar online databases. Hope in ERSD and hemodialysis patients were used as essential key words. Result: The result identified several definitions of hope from many literature. Antecedents for hope including spiritual belief/practice, goals, optimism, comfort, caring, intepersonal relationship (communication), perceived support, self-esteem, uncertainty. Consequences for hope in ESRD are the ability to generate plans to achieve goals, positive expectation, coping and resilience. Discussion and conclusions: Hope is a complex concept because of its contribution to other concepts and various definitions that used in general for all patients without specify definitions. Hope as a concept is highly individualized and complicated. Hope implies positive wishes of individuals and their belief in changes for better. Suggestion: as a holistic nursig care, a nurse have to explore not only physical factor in ESRD patients but also the psychological factor like hope for maintaining their quality of life.