THE INFLUENCE OF JOB INSECURITY AND WORKLOAD ON TURNOVER INTENTION MEDIATED BY JOB STRESS
Keywords:
Job Insecurity, Turnover Intention, Workload, Job Stress
Abstract
This research examines the influence of job insecurity and workload on turnover intention mediated by job stress. Seven research hypotheses were developed based on theoretical concepts and the results of previous empirical research. The research sample was employees at CV Langit Kuliner Sejahtera with a sample size of 98 people. The questionnaire instrument was used to collect research data. Data analysis in the form of partial least squares (PLS) analysis was applied to test the research hypothesis. The test results showed that the five hypotheses regarding direct influence showed significant results and in the appropriate direction. It was found that job insecurity and workload had a positive and significant effect on employee intention and job stress. Likewise, it was found that job stress had a positive effect on turnover intention. Additional testing shows that job stress has a mediating effect on the influence of job insecurity and workload on turnover intention.References
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Chathuranga, M. M. N., & Wijesooriya, R. M. R. (2021). Job Stress and Organizational Level Factors: Sri Lankan Experience. Research and Review: Human Resource and Labour Management, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.46610/rrhrlm.2021.v02i02.004
Chen, B., Wang, L., Li, B., & Liu, W. (2022). Work stress, mental health, and employee performance. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1006580
Chen, X., Mamun, A. Al, Hussein, W. M. H. W., Jingzu, G., Yang, Q., & Shami, S. S. A. Al. (2023). Envisaging the job satisfaction and turnover intention among the young workforce : Evidence from an emerging economy. 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287284
Creagh, S., Thompson, G., Mockler, N., Stacey, M., & Hogan, A. (2023). Workload, work intensification and time poverty for teachers and school leaders: a systematic research synthesis. Educational Review, 0(0), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2023.2196607
Hariyanto, D., Soetjipto, B. E., & Sopiah, S. (2022). The Influence of Workload and Environment on Turnover Intention Through Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment. PENANOMICS: International Journal of Economics, 1(3), 335–346. https://doi.org/10.56107/penanomics.v1i3.72
Hassanie, S., Olugbade, O. A., Karadas, G., & Altun, Ö. (2022). The Impact of Workload on Workers’ Traumatic Stress and Mental Health Mediated by Career Adaptability during COVID-19. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912010
Imaroh, M. F., Sudiro, A., & Sunaryo. (2023). The relation of job insecurity and workload toward turnover intentions mediated by work stress. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478), 12(2), 148–157. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v12i2.2352
Jung, J., Kim, B. J., & Kim, M. J. (2023). The effect of unstable job on employee’s turnover intention: The importance of coaching leadership. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 6–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1068293
Masta, N., & Riyanto, S. (2020). The Effect of Transformational Leadership, Perceived Organizational Support and Workload on Turnover Intention Sharia Banking Company in Jakarta. Saudi Journal of Business and Management Studies, 5(8), 473–481. https://doi.org/10.36348/sjbms.2020.v05i08.003
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Nawrocka, S., De Witte, H., Pasini, M., & Brondino, M. (2023). A Person-Centered Approach to Job Insecurity: Is There a Reciprocal Relationship between the Quantitative and Qualitative Dimensions of Job Insecurity? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075280
Naru, A. S., & Rehman, A. (2020). Impact of Job Insecurity and Work Overload on Employee Performance With the Mediating Role of Employee Stress: A Case of Pakistan’s Fast-food Industry. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 10(1), 305. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v10i1.15741
Nasrul, R. N., Zainal, V. R., & Hakim, A. (2023). Workload, Work Stress, and Employee Performance: a literature Review. Dinasti International Journal of Education Management and Social Science, 4(3), 415–422. https://www.dinastipub.org/DIJEMSS/article/view/1680
Rahman, S. M. (2020). Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention: Evidence from Bangladesh. Asian Business Review, 10(2), 99–XX. https://doi.org/10.18034/abr.v10i2.470
Ran, L., Chen, X., Peng, S., Zheng, F., Tan, X., & Duan, R. (2020). Job burnout and turnover intention among Chinese primary healthcare staff: The mediating effect of satisfaction. BMJ Open, 10(10), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036702
Rangrez, S. N., Amin, F., & Dixit, S. (2022). Influence of Role Stressors and Job Insecurity on Turnover Intentions in Start-ups: Mediating Role of Job Stress. Management and Labour Studies, 47(2), 199–215. https://doi.org/10.1177/0258042X221074757
Salama, W., Abdou, A. H., Mohamed, S. A. K., & Shehata, H. S. (2022). Impact of Work Stress and Job Burnout on Turnover Intentions among Hotel Employees. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159724
Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Hair, J. F. (2021). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (Issue July). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05542-8
Sjöberg, A., Pettersson-Strömbäck, A., Sahlén, K. G., Lindholm, L., & Norström, F. (2020). The burden of high workload on the health-related quality of life among home care workers in Northern Sweden. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 93(6), 747–764. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-020-01530-9
Sugiyono. (2017). Metode Penelitian Bisnis. Pendekatan Kuantitatif, kualitatif dan R & D. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Tabur, A., Elkefi, S., Emhan, A., Mengenci, C., Bez, Y., & Asan, O. (2022). Anxiety, Burnout and Depression, Psychological Well-Being as Predictor of Healthcare Professionals’ Turnover during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Study in a Pandemic Hospital. Healthcare (Switzerland), 10(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10030525
Torvisco, J. M., Santisi, G., Garofalo, A., Ramaci, T., & Barattucci, M. (2022). Validity and Psychometric Properties of the ILO-WHO Workplace Stress Scale: A Study with Workers from the Canary Islands. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 12(7), 677–691. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe12070051
Vieira dos Santos, J., Gonçalves, S. P., Silva, I. S., Veloso, A., Moura, R., & Brandão, C. (2022). Organizational and Job Resources on Employees’ Job Insecurity During the First Wave of COVID- 19: The Mediating Effect of Work Engagement. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(January), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.733050
WHO. (2020). Occupational health: Stress at the workplace. https://www.who.int/news- room/questions-and-answers/item/ccupational-health-stress-at-the-workplace
Zammitti, A., Moreno-Morilla, C., Romero-Rodríguez, S., Magnano, P., & Marcionetti, J. (2023). Relationships between Self-Efficacy, Job Instability, Decent Work, and Life Satisfaction in A Sample of Italian, Swiss, and Spanish Students. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 13(2), 306–316. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13020023
Baquero, A. (2022). Job Insecurity and Intention to Quit: The Role of Psychological Distress and Resistance to Change in the UAE Hotel Industry. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(20). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013629
Chathuranga, M. M. N., & Wijesooriya, R. M. R. (2021). Job Stress and Organizational Level Factors: Sri Lankan Experience. Research and Review: Human Resource and Labour Management, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.46610/rrhrlm.2021.v02i02.004
Chen, B., Wang, L., Li, B., & Liu, W. (2022). Work stress, mental health, and employee performance. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1006580
Chen, X., Mamun, A. Al, Hussein, W. M. H. W., Jingzu, G., Yang, Q., & Shami, S. S. A. Al. (2023). Envisaging the job satisfaction and turnover intention among the young workforce : Evidence from an emerging economy. 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287284
Creagh, S., Thompson, G., Mockler, N., Stacey, M., & Hogan, A. (2023). Workload, work intensification and time poverty for teachers and school leaders: a systematic research synthesis. Educational Review, 0(0), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2023.2196607
Hariyanto, D., Soetjipto, B. E., & Sopiah, S. (2022). The Influence of Workload and Environment on Turnover Intention Through Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment. PENANOMICS: International Journal of Economics, 1(3), 335–346. https://doi.org/10.56107/penanomics.v1i3.72
Hassanie, S., Olugbade, O. A., Karadas, G., & Altun, Ö. (2022). The Impact of Workload on Workers’ Traumatic Stress and Mental Health Mediated by Career Adaptability during COVID-19. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912010
Imaroh, M. F., Sudiro, A., & Sunaryo. (2023). The relation of job insecurity and workload toward turnover intentions mediated by work stress. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478), 12(2), 148–157. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v12i2.2352
Jung, J., Kim, B. J., & Kim, M. J. (2023). The effect of unstable job on employee’s turnover intention: The importance of coaching leadership. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 6–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1068293
Masta, N., & Riyanto, S. (2020). The Effect of Transformational Leadership, Perceived Organizational Support and Workload on Turnover Intention Sharia Banking Company in Jakarta. Saudi Journal of Business and Management Studies, 5(8), 473–481. https://doi.org/10.36348/sjbms.2020.v05i08.003
Marzuqi, N. A. (2021). Pengaruh Job Insecurity, Job Satisfaction dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Turnover Intention Karyawan. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 9(4), 1393–1405. https://doi.org/10.26740/jim.v9n4.p1393-1405
Mohammadian, M., Parsaei, H., Mokarami, H., & Kazemi, R. (2022). Cognitive demands and mental workload: A filed study of the mining control room operators. Heliyon, 8(2), e08860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08860
Nawrocka, S., De Witte, H., Pasini, M., & Brondino, M. (2023). A Person-Centered Approach to Job Insecurity: Is There a Reciprocal Relationship between the Quantitative and Qualitative Dimensions of Job Insecurity? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075280
Naru, A. S., & Rehman, A. (2020). Impact of Job Insecurity and Work Overload on Employee Performance With the Mediating Role of Employee Stress: A Case of Pakistan’s Fast-food Industry. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 10(1), 305. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v10i1.15741
Nasrul, R. N., Zainal, V. R., & Hakim, A. (2023). Workload, Work Stress, and Employee Performance: a literature Review. Dinasti International Journal of Education Management and Social Science, 4(3), 415–422. https://www.dinastipub.org/DIJEMSS/article/view/1680
Rahman, S. M. (2020). Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention: Evidence from Bangladesh. Asian Business Review, 10(2), 99–XX. https://doi.org/10.18034/abr.v10i2.470
Ran, L., Chen, X., Peng, S., Zheng, F., Tan, X., & Duan, R. (2020). Job burnout and turnover intention among Chinese primary healthcare staff: The mediating effect of satisfaction. BMJ Open, 10(10), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036702
Rangrez, S. N., Amin, F., & Dixit, S. (2022). Influence of Role Stressors and Job Insecurity on Turnover Intentions in Start-ups: Mediating Role of Job Stress. Management and Labour Studies, 47(2), 199–215. https://doi.org/10.1177/0258042X221074757
Salama, W., Abdou, A. H., Mohamed, S. A. K., & Shehata, H. S. (2022). Impact of Work Stress and Job Burnout on Turnover Intentions among Hotel Employees. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159724
Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Hair, J. F. (2021). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (Issue July). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05542-8
Sjöberg, A., Pettersson-Strömbäck, A., Sahlén, K. G., Lindholm, L., & Norström, F. (2020). The burden of high workload on the health-related quality of life among home care workers in Northern Sweden. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 93(6), 747–764. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-020-01530-9
Sugiyono. (2017). Metode Penelitian Bisnis. Pendekatan Kuantitatif, kualitatif dan R & D. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Tabur, A., Elkefi, S., Emhan, A., Mengenci, C., Bez, Y., & Asan, O. (2022). Anxiety, Burnout and Depression, Psychological Well-Being as Predictor of Healthcare Professionals’ Turnover during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Study in a Pandemic Hospital. Healthcare (Switzerland), 10(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10030525
Torvisco, J. M., Santisi, G., Garofalo, A., Ramaci, T., & Barattucci, M. (2022). Validity and Psychometric Properties of the ILO-WHO Workplace Stress Scale: A Study with Workers from the Canary Islands. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 12(7), 677–691. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe12070051
Vieira dos Santos, J., Gonçalves, S. P., Silva, I. S., Veloso, A., Moura, R., & Brandão, C. (2022). Organizational and Job Resources on Employees’ Job Insecurity During the First Wave of COVID- 19: The Mediating Effect of Work Engagement. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(January), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.733050
WHO. (2020). Occupational health: Stress at the workplace. https://www.who.int/news- room/questions-and-answers/item/ccupational-health-stress-at-the-workplace
Zammitti, A., Moreno-Morilla, C., Romero-Rodríguez, S., Magnano, P., & Marcionetti, J. (2023). Relationships between Self-Efficacy, Job Instability, Decent Work, and Life Satisfaction in A Sample of Italian, Swiss, and Spanish Students. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 13(2), 306–316. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13020023
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