COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SUSTAINABILITY REPORTS OF COAL PRODUCTION SUB-SECTOR MINING COMPANIES BASED ON GLOBAL REPORTING INITIATIVE STANDARDS
Keywords:
Sustainability Report, GRI Standards, Aspect Economic, Aspect Environment, Aspect Social
Abstract
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the sustainability report of mining companies in the coal production sub-sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Global Reporting Initiative standards as a reference in the analysis of all selected companies. Background Problems: Not all companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange make sustainability reports as a form of reporting on social responsibility activities through each company's corporate social responsibility program. Novelty: Based on the results of the review of sustainability reports, it was found that not all disclosures on specific topics refer to the Global Reporting Initiative Standards. This is because company sustainability reporting is still voluntary. Research Methods: This study uses descriptive qualitative research. Through reference to GRI Standards Series 200, 300, and 400 through disclosure of specific topics for each company. Then, content analysis was carried out to obtain results for the study using content analysis techniques and comparative methods. Finding/Results: The analysis of comparative analysis disclosed in sustainability reports shows specific topics on economic, environmental, and social aspects disclosed by 11 companies that make sustainability reports that refer to the Global Reporting Initiative standards. The level of disclosure of specific topics for each aspect and each company varies according to the social responsibility activities that have been carried out. This indicates that not all of them disclose according to specific topics in the GRI Standards, and most of the selected companies have implemented corporate social responsibility through the Corporate Social Responsibility program as an effort to prepare for business sustainability. Conclusion: Based on the results of the research analysis, it can be concluded that 11 companies have started making sustainability reports that refer to the GRI Standards. With an average disclosure percentage for each aspect above 50%, it shows that the company is starting to make sustainability reports that can be accessed by stakeholders. This shows the company's seriousness in carrying out social responsibility around the company's operations.References
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Saldaña, J. (2011). A survey of qualitative data analytic methods. In Fundamentals of Qualitative Research: Understanding Qualitative Research.
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Taib, M. Y. M., Udin, Z. M., & Ghani, A. H. A. (2015). The impact of green management and technology in electrical and electronics manufacturing in business sustainability in Malaysia. Jurnal Teknologi, 77(5), 149–154. https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v77.6131
Adams, C., & Frost, G. (2008). Integrating sustainability reporting into management practices.
Accounting Forum, 32, 288–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accfor.2008.05.002
Al Hamzah, M. H., Kurniawan, W. O., Rizqiani, A., & Indra, D. (2023). Analisis Komparatif Laporan Keberlanjutan Kategori Sosial Standar Gri Pada Perusahaan Telekomunikasi. Majalah Ekonomi, 28(01), 95–102. https://doi.org/10.36456/majeko.vol28.no01.a7098
Boiral, O. (2013). Sustainability reports as simulacra? A counter-account of A and A+ GRI reports. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 26(7), 1036–1071. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ- 04-2012-00998
Caesaria, A. F., & Basuki, B. (2017). The study of sustainability report disclosure aspects and their impact on the companies’ performance. SHS Web of Conferences, 34, 08001. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20173408001
Clarkson, P. M., Li, Y., Richardson, G. D., & Vasvari, F. P. (2008). Revisiting the relation between environmental performance and environmental disclosure: An empirical analysis. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 33(4), 303–327. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2007.05.003
De Villiers, C., Low, M., & Samkin, G. (2014). The institutionalisation of mining company sustainability disclosures. Journal of Cleaner Production, 84(1), 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.01.089
Fonseca, A., McAllister, M. L., & Fitzpatrick, P. (2014). Sustainability reporting among mining corporations: a constructive critique of the GRI approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 84, 70–
83. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.11.050
Gallego, I. (2006). The use of economic, social and environmental indicators as a measure of sustainable development in Spain. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 13(2), 78–97. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.94
Ganis Sukoharsono, E. (2019). Sustaining a Sustainability Report By Modifying Triple Bottom Line To Pentaple Bottom Line: an Imaginary Research Dialogue. The International Journal of Accounting and Business Society, 27(1), 119–127. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.ijabs.2019.27.1.7
García-Chiang, A. (2018). Corporate social responsibility in the Mexican oil industry: Social impact assessment as a tool for local development. International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40991-018-0038-z
Hahn, R., & Kühnen, M. (2013). Determinants of sustainability reporting: A review of results, trends, and opportunities in an expanding field of research. Journal of Cleaner Production, 59, 5–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.07.005
Halkos, G., & Nomikos, S. (2021). Corporate social responsibility: Trends in global reporting initiative standards. Economic Analysis and Policy, 69, 106–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2020.11.008
Herzig, C., & Schaltegger, S. (2006). Corporate sustainability reporting: An overview. In S. Schaltegger,
M. Bennett, & R. Burritt (Eds.), Sustainability Accounting and Reporting (pp. 301–324). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4974-3_13
Jenkins, H., & Yakovleva, N. (2006). Corporate social responsibility in the mining industry: Exploring trends in social and environmental disclosure. Journal of Cleaner Production, 14(3), 271–284. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.10.004
Junior, R., Best, P., & Cotter, J. (2014). Sustainability Reporting and Assurance: A Historical Analysis on a World-Wide Phenomenon. Journal of Business Ethics, 120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551- 013-1637-y
Kiliç, M., Kuzey, C., & Uyar, A. (2015). The impact of ownership and board structure on corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting in the Turkish banking industry. Corporate Governance (Bingley), 15(3), 357–374. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-02-2014-0022
Langer, M. (2006). Comparability of sustainability reports: A Comparative content analysis of Austrian
sustainability reports. In S. Schaltegger, M. Bennett, & R. Burritt (Eds.), Sustainability Accounting and Reporting (pp. 581–602). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4974- 3_26
Laplume, A. O., Sonpar, K., & Litz, R. A. (2008). Stakeholder theory: Reviewing a theory that moves us.
In Journal of Management (Vol. 34, Issue 6). https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206308324322 Laquimia, M. B., & Eweje, G. (2014). Collaborative governance toward sustainability: A global challenge
on Brazil perspective. In Critical Studies on Corporate Responsibility, Governance and Sustainability (Vol. 8, pp. 371–413). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S2043-905920140000008018
Lindawati, A. S. L., & Puspita, M. E. (2015). Corporate Social Responsibility: Implikasi Stakeholder dan Legitimacy Gap dalam Peningkatan Kinerja Perusahaan. Jurnal Akuntansi Multiparadigma, 157–
174. https://doi.org/10.18202/jamal.2015.04.6013
Muttakin, M. B., Khan, A., & Subramaniam, N. (2015). Firm characteristics, board diversity and corporate social responsibility: Evidence from Bangladesh. Pacific Accounting Review, 27(3), 353–
372. https://doi.org/10.1108/PAR-01-2013-0007
Nguyen, M., Bensemann, J., & Kelly, S. (2018). Corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Vietnam: a conceptual framework. International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40991-018-0032-5
Nurhidayah, F., Meutia, M., Zulfikar, R., & Uzliawati, L. (2023). Comparative Analysis of Sustainability Report Based on Social Categories GRI Standards. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.4-11- 2022.2329726
Orazalin, N., & Mahmood, M. (2020). Determinants of GRI-based sustainability reporting: evidence from an emerging economy. Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies, 10(1), 140–164. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAEE-12-2018-0137
Rathnayaka Mudiyanselage, N. C. S. (2018). Board involvement in corporate sustainability reporting: evidence from Sri Lanka. Corporate Governance (Bingley), 18(6), 1042–1056. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-10-2017-0252
Reverte, C. (2009). Determinants of corporate social responsibility disclosure ratings by Spanish listed firms. Journal of Business Ethics, 88(2), 351–366. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9968-9
Roca, L. C., & Searcy, C. (2012). An analysis of indicators disclosed in corporate sustainability reports. Journal of Cleaner Production, 20(1), 103–118. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.08.002
Saldaña, J. (2011). A survey of qualitative data analytic methods. In Fundamentals of Qualitative Research: Understanding Qualitative Research.
Smith, D., & Rhiney, E. (2020). CSR commitments, perceptions of hypocrisy, and recovery. International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility, 5(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40991-019-0046- 7
Sustainability Report (2022). PT Adaro Energy Indonesia Tbk ADRO,https://adaro.com/pages/read/9/51/Laporan%20Keberlanjutan?tanggal%5Byear%5D=2022 Sustainability Report (2022). PT Bayan Resources Tbk -BYAN chrome- extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.bayan.com.sg/cfind/source/files/ sr-2022-byan-final.pdf
Sustainability Report (2022). PT. Bukit Asam Tbk - PTBA chrome extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.ptba.co.id/uploads/ptba_laporan _berkelanjutan/20230530082411-2023-05 30ptba_laporan_berkelanjutan082404.pdf Sustainability Report (2022). PT. BUMI Resources Tbk.-BUMI https://www.bumiresources.com/en/sustainability/reports
Sustainability Report (2022). PT. Dana Brata Luhur Tbk - TEBE https://tebe.co.id/id/annual-report/ Sustainability Report (2022) PT Golden Energy Mines Tbk-GEMS https://www.goldenenergymines.com/id/hubungan-investor/laporan-tahunan/ Sustainability Report (2022) PT Harum Energy Tbk-HRUM http://www.harumenergy.com/id/investor-relations/37/annual-report Sustainability Report (2022) PT Indika Energy Tbk-INDY https://www.indikaenergy.co.id/id/investor/laporan-keberlanjutan/ Sustainability
Report (2022) PT Indo Tambangraya Megah Tbk-ITMG chrome extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.itmg.co.id/files/sustainabili y_ass ets/ITM%20Sustainability%20Report%202022.pdf
Sustainability Report (2022) PT Mitra Bahtera Segara Sejati Tbk-MBSS https://www.mbss.co.id/id/sustainability/sustainability-report/
Sustainability Report (2022) PT. Pelita Samudera Shipping Tbk-PSSI chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://samudera.id/public_assets/3/uploads/2 0230515060412SR_2022.pdf
Taib, M. Y. M., Udin, Z. M., & Ghani, A. H. A. (2015). The impact of green management and technology in electrical and electronics manufacturing in business sustainability in Malaysia. Jurnal Teknologi, 77(5), 149–154. https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v77.6131
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